(1) In this section -
''academic year'', in relation to an approved course, means a year of study commencing on a date not earlier than the 1st day of August in a year of assessment;
''appropriate percentage'', in relation to a year of assessment, means a percentage equal to the standard rate of tax for that year;
''approved college'', in relation to a year of assessment, means -
(a) a college or institution of higher education in the State which -
(i) provides courses to which a scheme or schemes of grants approved by the Minister under the Student Support Act 2011, applies, or
(ii) operates in accordance with a code of standards which from time to time may, with the consent of the Minister for Finance, be laid down by the Minister, and which the Minister approves for the purposes of this section;
(b) any university or similar institution of higher education in a Member State of the European Union (other than the State) or in the United Kingdom which -
(i) is maintained or assisted by
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