1. Member States shall ensure that their laws, regulations and administrative provisions provide for administrative penalties, periodic penalty payments and other administrative measures at least where:
(a) activities as a credit institution are commenced without obtaining prior authorisation in breach of Article 8 of this Directive;
(b) at least one of the activities referred to in Article 4(1), point (1)(b), of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 is carried out by an entity that meets the threshold indicated in that point and that is not authorised as a credit institution, except for entities requesting the waiver under Article 8a of this Directive;
(c) the business of taking deposits or other repayable funds from the public is conducted without being authorised as a credit institution in breach of Article 9 of this Directive;
(d) a qualifying holding in a credit institution is acquired, directly or indirectly, or further increased, directly or indirectly, such that the proportion of the vo
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