1. The ESRB may give, by way of recommendations in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1092/2010, guidance to authorities designated by Member States under Article 136(1) on setting countercyclical buffer rates, including the following:
(a) principles to guide designated authorities when exercising their judgment as to the appropriate countercyclical buffer rate, ensure that authorities adopt a sound approach to relevant macro-economic cycles and promote sound and consistent decision-making across Member States;
(b) general guidance on:
(i) the measurement and calculation of the deviation from long term trends of ratios of credit to gross domestic product (GDP);
(ii) the calculation of buffer guides required by Article 136(2);
(c) guidance on variables that indicate the build-up of system- wide risk associated with periods of excessive credit growth in a financial system, in particular the relevant credit-to-GDP ratio and its deviation from the long-term trend, and on othe
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