1. Copyright, neighbouring rights, rights referred to in Directive 87/54/EEC [Council Directive 87/54/EEC of 16 December 1986 on the legal protection of topographies of semiconductor products; O.J. L24, 27.1.87, p.36.] and Directive 96/9/EC [Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases; O.J. L77, 27.3.96, p.20.] and industrial property rights.
2. The freedom of the parties to a contract to choose the applicable law.
3. Contractual obligations concerning consumer contracts.
4. Formal validity of contracts creating or transferring rights in real estate where such contracts are subject to mandatory formal requirements under the applicable law of the United Kingdom, or any part of it, (where the real estate is situated in the United Kingdom), or of the law of the member State where the real estate is situated.
5. The permissibility of unsolicited commercial communications by electronic mail.