1. Each Member State shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that any statutory provision or any contractual clause contained in an insurance policy issued in accordance with Article 3 shall be deemed to be void in respect of claims by third parties injured as a result of an accident where that statutory provision or contractual clause excludes from insurance the use or driving of vehicles by:
(a) persons who do not have express or implied authorisation to do so;
(b) persons who do not hold a licence permitting them to drive the vehicle concerned;
(c) persons who are in breach of the statutory technical requirements concerning the condition and safety of the vehicle concerned.
However, the provision or clause referred to in point (a) of the first subparagraph may be invoked against persons who voluntarily entered the vehicle which caused the damage or injury, when the insurer can prove that they knew the vehicle was stolen.
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