(1) A primary recipient of confidential information, or a person obtaining such information directly or indirectly from a primary recipient, is permitted to disclose such information to -

(a) a regulator or the Secretary of State, for the purpose of initiating proceedings to which this regulation applies, or of facilitating a determination of whether they should be initiated; or

(b) any person, for the purposes of proceedings to which this regulation applies and which have been initiated, for the purpose of bringing to an end such proceedings, or of facilitating a determination of whether they should be brought to an end.

(2) A regulator or the Secretary of State (or a person who is employed by one of the regulators or the Secretary of State) is permitted to disclose confidential information to any person for a purpose mentioned in paragraph (1)(a).

(3) The proceedings to which this regulation applies are -

(a) proceedings arising under or by virtue of Part 5 of the Act (regulation of payment systems);

(b) proceedings before the Competition Appeals Tribunal;

(c) proceedings before the Competition and Markets Authority;

(d) proceedings before the Upper Tribunal;