1. A Member State may refuse to apply or withdraw the benefit of all or any part of the provisions of Titles II, III, IV and IVb where it appears that the merger, division, partial division, transfer of assets, exchange of shares or transfer of the registered office of an SE or an SCE:
(a) has as its principal objective or as one of its principal objectives tax evasion or tax avoidance; the fact that one of the operations referred to in Article 1 is not carried out for valid commercial reasons such as the restructuring or rationalisation of the activities of the companies participating in the operation may constitute a presumption that the operation has tax evasion or tax avoidance as its principal objective or as one of its principal objectives;
(b) results in a company, whether participating in the operation or not, no longer fulfilling the necessary conditions for the representation of employees on company organs according to the arrangements which were in force prior to that o