1. An economic operator established in a Member State who makes an interest payment to, or secures such a payment for, the immediate benefit of the beneficial owner shall be considered to be a paying agent for the purposes of this Directive.
For the purposes of this paragraph, it is irrelevant whether the economic operator concerned is the debtor or issuer of the claim or security which produces the income or the economic operator charged by the debtor or issuer or by the beneficial owner with paying the income or securing the payment of the income.
An economic operator established in a Member State shall also be considered to be a paying agent for the purposes of this Directive where the following conditions are met:
(a) it makes an interest payment to, or secures such a payment for, another economic operator, including a permanent establishment or a subsidiary of the first economic operator, established outside the territory referred to in Article 7 and outside the territorial s