1. When issuing a qualified certificate for a trust service, a qualified trust service provider shall verify, by appropriate means, the identity and, if applicable, any specific attributes of the natural or legal person to whom the qualified certificate is issued.

 The information referred to in the first subparagraph shall be verified by the qualified trust service provider either directly or by relying on a third party:

(a) by the physical presence of the natural person or of an authorised representative of the legal person; or

(b) remotely, using electronic identification means, for which prior to the issuance of the qualified certificate, a physical presence of the natural person or of an authorised representative of the legal person was ensured and which meets the requirements for the assurance levels ‘substantial’ or ‘high’ under the equivalent EU law so far as relating to electronic identification schemes (or would meet those requirements if they were not predicated on the doing of anything in, or by, a member State); or

(c) by means of a certificate of a qualified electronic signature or of a qualified electronic seal issued in compliance with point (a) or (b); or