1. Member States shall, by 1 February 2013, lay down rules on the penalties applicable to infringements of this Regulation and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are implemented. Such penalties shall be effective, proportionate and dissuasive. Member States shall notify the Commission of those rules and measures by 1 August 2013 and shall notify it without delay of any subsequent amendment affecting them.

1a. By way of derogation from paragraph 1 of this Article, Member States shall, by 9 April 2025, lay down rules on the penalties applicable to infringements of Articles 5a to 5d and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are implemented. Such penalties shall be effective, proportionate and dissuasive. Member States shall, by 9 April 2025, notify the Commission of those rules and measures and shall notify it, without delay, of any subsequent amendment affecting them.

1b. With respect to penalties applicable to infringements of Article 5d, Member States shall ensure that such penalties include:

(a) in the case of a legal person, maximum administrative fines of at least 10 % of the total annual net turnover of the legal person in the preceding business year;

(b) in the case of a natural person, maximum administrative fines of at least EUR 5 000 000, or the equivalent amount in the national currency in the Member States whose currency is not the euro on 8 April 2024.