1. Without prejudice to Article 1(3), the sixth subparagraph of Article 3(3), Article 5(7), Article 7(4), Article 9 and Article 18(2) and in so far as this Directive provides for harmonisation, Member States shall not maintain or introduce provisions other than those laid down in this Directive.

2. Member States shall ensure that an electronic money issuer does not derogate, to the detriment of an electronic money holder, from the provisions of national law implementing or corresponding to provisions of this Directive except where explicitly provided for therein.