THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

Having regard to Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions and investment firms and amending Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 [OJ L 176, 27.6.2013, p. 1.], and in particular the third subparagraph of Article 105(14) thereof,

Whereas:

(1) Article 105 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 refers to the prudent valuation standards applicable to all trading book positions. However, Article 34 of that Regulation requires institutions to apply the standards of Article 105 to all assets measured at fair value. The combination of the above articles implies that the prudent valuation requirements apply to all fair-valued positions regardless of whether they are held in the trading book or not, where the term 'positions' refers solely to financial instruments and commodities.

(2) Where the application of prudent valuation would lead to a lower absolute carrying value for assets or a higher absolute carrying value for liabilities than recognised in accounting, an additional valuation adjustment (AVA) should be calculated as the absolute value of the difference between the two, as the prudent value should always be equal to or lower than the fair value for assets and equal to or higher than the fair value for liabilities.