1. The powers set out in Article 9 shall be exercised either:

(a) directly by competent authorities under their own authority;

(b) where appropriate, by recourse to other competent authorities or other public authorities;

(c) by instructing designated bodies, if applicable; or

(d) by application to courts competent to grant the necessary decision, including, where appropriate, by appeal, if the application to grant the necessary decision is not successful.

2. The implementation and the exercise of powers set out in Article 9 in application of this Regulation shall be proportionate and shall comply with Union and national law, including with applicable procedural safeguards and with the principles of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The investigation and enforcement measures adopted in application of this Regulation shall be appropriate to the nature and the overall actual or potential harm of the infringement of Union laws that protect consumers' interests.