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Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market and repealing Directive 1999/93/EC (eIDAS Regulation)RecitalsChapter I General provisions (arts. 1-5)Article 1 Subject matterArticle 2 ScopeArticle 3 DefinitionsArticle 4 Internal market principleArticle 5 Pseudonyms in electronic transactionChapter II Electronic identification (arts. 5a-12b)Section 1 European digital identity wallet (arts. 5a-5f)Article 5a European Digital Identity WalletsArticle 5b European Digital Identity Wallet-Relying PartiesArticle 5c Certification of European Digital Identity WalletsArticle 5d Publication of a list of certified European Digital Identity WalletsArticle 5e Security breach of European Digital Identity WalletsArticle 5f Cross-border reliance on European Digital Identity WalletsSection 2 Electronic identification schemes (arts. 6-12b)Article 6 Mutual recognitionArticle 7 Eligibility for notification of electronic identification schemesArticle 8 Assurance levels of electronic identification schemesArticle 9 NotificationArticle 10 Security breach of electronic identification schemesArticle 11 LiabilityArticle 11a Cross-border identity matchingArticle 12 InteroperabilityArticle 12a Certification of electronic identification schemesArticle 12b Access to hardware and software featuresChapter III Trust services (arts. 13-45l)Section 1 General provisions (arts. 13-16)Article 13 Liability and burden of proofArticle 14 International aspectsArticle 15 Accessibility for persons with disabilities and special needsArticle 16 PenaltiesSection 2 Non-qualified trust services (arts. 17-19a)Article 17 Supervisory bodyArticle 18 Mutual assistanceArticle 19 Security requirements applicable to trust service providersArticle 19a Requirements for non-qualified trust service providersSection 3 Qualified trust services (arts. 20-24a)Article 20 Supervision of qualified trust service providersArticle 21 Initiation of a qualified trust serviceArticle 22 Trusted listsArticle 23 EU trust mark for qualified trust servicesArticle 24 Requirements for qualified trust service providersArticle 24a Recognition of qualified trust servicesSection 4 Electronic signatures (arts. 25-34)Article 25 Legal effects of electronic signaturesArticle 26 Requirements for advanced electronic signaturesArticle 27 Electronic signatures in public servicesArticle 28 Qualified certificates for electronic signaturesArticle 29 Requirements for qualified electronic signature creation devicesArticle 29a Requirements for a qualified service for the management of remote qualified electronic signature creation devicesArticle 30 Certification of qualified electronic signature creation devicesArticle 31 Publication of a list of certified qualified electronic signature creation devicesArticle 32 Requirements for the validation of qualified electronic signaturesArticle 32a Requirements for the validation of advanced electronic signatures based on qualified certificatesArticle 33 Qualified validation service for qualified electronic signaturesArticle 34 Qualified preservation service for qualified electronic signaturesSection 5 Electronic seals (arts. 35-40a)Article 35 Legal effects of electronic sealsArticle 36 Requirements for advanced electronic sealsArticle 37 Electronic seals in public servicesArticle 38 Qualified certificates for electronic sealsArticle 39 Qualified electronic seal creation devicesArticle 39a Requirements for a qualified service for the management of remote qualified electronic seal creation devicesArticle 40 Validation and preservation of qualified electronic sealsArticle 40a Requirements for the validation of advanced electronic seals based on qualified certificatesSection 6 Electronic time stamps (arts. 41-42)Article 41 Legal effect of electronic time stampsArticle 42 Requirements for qualified electronic time stampsSection 7 Electronic registered delivery services (arts. 43-44)Article 43 Legal effect of an electronic registered delivery serviceArticle 44 Requirements for qualified electronic registered delivery servicesSection 8 Website authentication (arts. 45-45a)Article 45 Requirements for qualified certificates for website authenticationArticle 45a Cybersecurity precautionary measuresSection 9 Electronic attestation of attributes (arts. 45b-45h)Article 45b Legal effects of electronic attestation of attributesArticle 45c Electronic attestation of attributes in public servicesArticle 45d Requirements for qualified electronic attestation of attributesArticle 45e Verification of attributes against authentic sourcesArticle 45f Requirements for electronic attestation of attributes issued by or on behalf of a public sector body responsible for an authentic sourceArticle 45g Issuing of electronic attestation of attributes to European Digital Identity WalletsArticle 45h Additional rules for the provision of electronic attestation of attributes servicesSection 10 Electronic archiving services (arts. 45i-45j)Article 45i Legal effect of electronic archiving servicesArticle 45j Requirements for qualified electronic archiving servicesSection 11 Electronic ledgers (arts. 45k-45l)Article 45k Legal effects of electronic ledgersArticle 45l Requirements for qualified electronic ledgersChapter IV Electronic documents (art. 46)Article 46 Legal effects of electronic documentsChapter IVa Governance Framework (arts. 46a-46e)Article 46a Supervision of the European Digital Identity Wallet FrameworkArticle 46b Supervision of trust servicesArticle 46c Single points of contactArticle 46d Mutual assistanceArticle 46e The European Digital Identity Cooperation GroupChapter V Delegations of power and implementing provisions (arts. 47-48)Article 47 Exercise of the delegationArticle 48 Committee procedureChapter VI Final provisions (arts. 48a-52)Article 48a Reporting requirementsArticle 49 ReviewArticle 50 RepealArticle 51 Transitional measuresArticle 52 Entry into forceAnnex I Requirements for qualified certificates for electronic signaturesAnnex II Requirements for qualified electronic signature creation devicesAnnex III Requirements for qualified certificates for electronic sealsAnnex IV Requirements for qualified certificates for website authenticationAnnex V Requirements for qualified electronic attestation of attributesAnnex VI Minimum list of attributesAnnex VII Requirements for electronic attestation of attributes issued by or on behalf of a public body responsible for an authentic sourceDone at
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Version status: Amended | Document consolidation status: Updated to reflect all known changes
Version date: 20 May 2024 - onwards
Version 4 of 4

Article 5 Pseudonyms in electronic transaction

Without prejudice to specific rules of Union or national law requiring users to identify themselves or to the legal effect given to pseudonyms under national law, the use of pseudonyms that are chosen by the user shall not be prohibited.

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