1. Qualified electronic signature creation devices shall ensure, by appropriate technical and procedural means, that at least:

(a) the confidentiality of the electronic signature creation data used for electronic signature creation is reasonably assured;

(b) the electronic signature creation data used for electronic signature creation can practically occur only once;

(c) the electronic signature creation data used for electronic signature creation cannot, with reasonable assurance, be derived and the electronic signature is reliably protected against forgery using currently available technology;

(d) the electronic signature creation data used for electronic signature creation can be reliably protected by the legitimate signatory against use by others.

2. Qualified electronic signature creation devices shall not alter the data to be signed or prevent such data from being presented to the signatory prior to signing.

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