1. AIFMs shall adopt adequate and effective arrangements, processes and techniques in order to:

(a) identify, measure, manage and monitor at any time the risks to which the AIFs under their management are or might be exposed;

(b) ensure compliance with the limits set in accordance with Article 44.

2. The arrangements, processes and techniques referred to in paragraph 1 shall be proportionate to the nature, scale and complexity of the business of the AIFM and of each AIF it manages and shall be consistent with the AIF's risk profile as disclosed to investors in accordance with rule 3.2.5(3) of the Investment Funds sourcebook.

3. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the AIFM shall take the following actions for each AIF it manages:

(a) put in place such risk measurement arrangements, processes and techniques as are necessary to ensure that the risks of positions taken and their contribution to the overall risk profile are accurately measured on the basis of sound and reliable data and that the risk measurement arrangements, processes and techniques are adequately documented;

(b) conduct periodic back-tests in order to review the validity of risk measurement arrangements which include model-based forecasts and estimates;

(c) conduct, periodic appropriate stress tests and scenario analyses to address risks arising from potential changes in market conditions that might adversely impact the AIF;