1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that a legal person held liable for criminal offences pursuant to Article 16 are punishable by effective, proportionate and dissuasive sanctions.

2. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that sanctions or measures for legal persons liable pursuant to Article 16 include:

(a) criminal or non-criminal fines, the maximum limit of which should not be less than 5 percent of the total worldwide turnover of the legal person, including related entities, in the business year preceding the decision imposing the fine;

(b) the exclusion of that legal person from entitlement to public benefits or aid;

(c) the temporary or permanent exclusion from public procurement procedures;

(d) the temporary or permanent disqualification of that legal person from the exercise of commercial activities;

(e) the withdrawal of permits or authorisations to pursue activities in the context of which the offence was committed;

(f) the possibility for public authorities to annul or rescind a contract with them, in the context of which the offence was committed;

(g) the placing of that legal person under judicial supervision;

(h) the judicial winding-up of that legal person; and