1. Article 12 shall apply to the emissions, regulated entities and allowances covered by this Chapter, with the exception of paragraphs 3 and 3a, paragraph 4, second and third sentence, and paragraph 5 of that Article. For that purpose:
(a) any reference to emissions shall be read as if it were a reference to the emissions covered by this Chapter;
(b) any reference to operators of installations shall be read as if it were a reference to the regulated entities covered by this Chapter;
(c) any reference to allowances shall be read as if it were a reference to the allowances covered by this Chapter.
2. From 1 January 2028, Member States shall ensure that, by 31 May each year, the regulated entity surrenders an amount of allowances covered by this Chapter that is equal to the regulated entity's total emissions, corresponding to the quantity of fuels released for consumption pursuant to Annex III, during the preceding calendar year as verified in accordance with Articles 15 and 30f, and tha
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