1. This Directive applies to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes set out in Article 1(1).

2. This Directive applies to the processing of personal data wholly or partly by automated means, and to the processing other than by automated means of personal data which form part of a filing system or are intended to form part of a filing system.

3. This Directive does not apply to the processing of personal data:

(a) in the course of an activity which falls outside the scope of Union law;

(b) by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies.