1. By 3 March 2020, the Commission shall, after consulting ESMA, submit a report to the European Parliament and to the Council on the impact in practice of the transparency obligations established pursuant to Articles 3 to 13, in particular on the impact of the volume cap mechanism described in Article 5, including on the cost of trading for eligible counterparties and professional clients and on trading of shares of small and mid-cap companies, and its effectiveness in ensuring that the use of the relevant waivers does not harm price formation and how any appropriate mechanism for imposing sanctions for infringements of the volume cap might operate, and on the application and continued appropriateness of the waivers to pre-trade transparency obligations established pursuant to Article 4(2) and (3) and Article 9(2) to (5).
2. The report referred to in paragraph 1 shall include the impact on European equity markets of the use of the waiver under Article 4(1)(a) and (b)(i) and the