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Directive (EU) 2018/1972 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 establishing the European Electronic Communications Code (Recast) (Text with EEA relevance)RecitalsPart I Framework (general, rules for the organisation of the sector) (arts. 1-41)Title I Scope, aim and objectives, definitions (arts. 1-4)Chapter I Subject matter, aim and definitions (arts. 1 -2)Article 1 Subject matter, scope and aimsArticle 2 DefinitionsChapter II Objectives (arts. 3-4)Article 3 General objectivesArticle 4 Strategic planning and coordination of radio spectrum policyTitle II Institutional set-up and governance (arts. 5-28)Chapter I National regulatory and other competent authorities (arts. 5-11)Article 5 National regulatory and other competent authoritiesArticle 6 Independence of national regulatory and other competent authoritiesArticle 7 Appointment and dismissal of members of national regulatory authoritiesArticle 8 Political independence and accountability of the national regulatory authoritiesArticle 9 Regulatory capacity of national regulatory authoritiesArticle 10 Participation of national regulatory authorities in BERECArticle 11 Cooperation with national authoritiesChapter II General authorisation (arts. 12-19)Section 1 General part (arts. 12-14)Article 12 General authorisation of electronic communications networks and servicesArticle 13 Conditions attached to the general authorisation and to the rights of use for radio spectrum and for numbering resources, and specific obligationsArticle 14 Declarations to facilitate the exercise of rights to install facilities and rights of interconnectionSection 2 General authorisation rights and obligations (arts. 15-17)Article 15 Minimum list of rights derived from the general authorisationArticle 16 Administrative chargesArticle 17 Accounting separation and financial reportsSection 3 Amendment and withdrawal (arts. 18-19)Article 18 Amendment of rights and obligationsArticle 19 Restriction or withdrawal of rightsChapter III Provision of information, surveys and consultation mechanism (arts. 20-28)Article 20 Information request to undertakingsArticle 21 Information required with regard to the general authorisation, rights of use and specific obligationsArticle 22 Geographical surveys of network deploymentsArticle 23 Consultation and transparency mechanismArticle 24 Consultation of interested partiesArticle 25 Out-of-court dispute resolutionArticle 26 Dispute resolution between undertakingsArticle 27 Resolution of cross-border disputesArticle 28 Radio Spectrum Coordination among Member StatesTitle III Implementation (arts. 29-31)Article 29 PenaltiesArticle 30 Compliance with the conditions of the general authorisation or of rights of use for radio spectrum and for numbering resources and compliance with specific obligationsArticle 31 Right of appealTitle IV Internal market procedures (arts. 32-39)Chapter I (arts. 32-34)Article 32 Consolidating the internal market for electronic communicationsArticle 33 Procedure for the consistent application of remediesArticle 34 Implementing provisionsChapter II Consistent radio spectrum assignment (arts. 35-37)Article 35 Peer review processArticle 36 Harmonised assignment of radio spectrumArticle 37 Joint authorisation process to grant individual rights of use for radio spectrumChapter III Harmonisation procedures (arts. 38-39)Article 38 Harmonisation proceduresArticle 39 StandardisationTitle V Security (arts. 40-41)Article 40 Security of networks and servicesArticle 41 Implementation and enforcementPart II Networks (arts. 42-83)Title I Market entry and deployment (arts. 42-58)Chapter I Fees (art. 42)Article 42 Fees for rights of use for radio spectrum and rights to install facilitiesChapter II Access to land (arts. 43-44)Article 43 Rights of wayArticle 44 Co-location and sharing of network elements and associated facilities for providers of electronic communications networksChapter III Access to radio spectrum (arts. 45-55)Section 1 Authorisations (arts. 45-47)Article 45 Management of radio spectrumArticle 46 Authorisation of the use of radio spectrumArticle 47 Conditions attached to individual rights of use for radio spectrumSection 2 Rights of use (arts. 48-52)Article 48 Granting of individual rights of use for radio spectrumArticle 49 Duration of rightsArticle 50 Renewal of individual rights of use for harmonised radio spectrumArticle 51 Transfer or lease of individual rights of use for radio spectrumArticle 52 CompetitionSection 3 Procedures (arts. 53-55)Article 53 Coordinated timing of assignmentsArticle 54 Coordinated timing of assignments for specific 5G bandsArticle 55 Procedure for limiting the number of rights of use to be granted for radio spectrumChapter IV Deployment and use of wireless network equipment (arts. 56-58)Article 56 Access to radio local area networksArticle 57 Deployment and operation of small-area wireless access pointsArticle 58 Technical regulations on electromagnetic fieldsTitle II Access (arts. 59-83)Chapter I General provisions, access principles (arts. 59-60)Article 59 General framework for access and interconnectionArticle 60 Rights and obligations of undertakingsChapter II Access and interconnection (arts. 61-62)Article 61 Powers and responsibilities of the national regulatory and other competent authorities with regard to access and interconnectionArticle 62 Conditional access systems and other facilitiesChapter III Market analysis and significant market power (arts. 63-67)Article 63 Undertakings with significant market powerArticle 64 Procedure for the identification and definition of marketsArticle 65 Procedure for the identification of transnational marketsArticle 66 Procedure for the identification of transnational demandArticle 67 Market analysis procedureChapter IV Access remedies imposed on undertakings with significant market power (arts. 68-82)Article 68 Imposition, amendment or withdrawal of obligationsArticle 69 Obligation of transparencyArticle 70 Obligations of non-discriminationArticle 71 Obligation of accounting separationArticle 72 Access to civil engineeringArticle 73 Obligations of access to, and use of, specific network elements and associated facilitiesArticle 74 Price control and cost accounting obligationsArticle 75 Termination ratesArticle 76 Regulatory treatment of new very high capacity network elementsArticle 77 Functional separationArticle 78 Voluntary separation by a vertically integrated undertakingArticle 79 Commitments procedureArticle 80 Wholesale-only undertakingsArticle 81 Migration from legacy infrastructureArticle 82 BEREC guidelines on very high capacity networksChapter V Regulatory control of retail services (art. 83)Article 83 Regulatory control of retail servicesPart III Services (arts. 84-116)Title I Universal service obligations (arts. 84-92)Article 84 Affordable universal serviceArticle 85 Provision of affordable universal serviceArticle 86 Availability of universal serviceArticle 87 Status of the existing universal serviceArticle 88 Control of expenditureArticle 89 Cost of universal service obligationsArticle 90 Financing of universal service obligationsArticle 91 TransparencyArticle 92 Additional mandatory servicesTitle II Numbering resources (arts. 93-97)Article 93 Numbering resourcesArticle 94 Procedure for granting of rights of use for numbering resourcesArticle 95 Fees for rights of use for numbering resourcesArticle 96 Missing children and child helpline hotlinesArticle 97 Access to numbers and servicesTitle III End-user rights (arts. 98-116)Article 98 Exemption of certain microenterprisesArticle 99 Non-discriminationArticle 100 Fundamental rights safeguardArticle 101 Level of harmonisationArticle 102 Information requirements for contractsArticle 103 Transparency, comparison of offers and publication of informationArticle 104 Quality of service related to internet access services and publicly available interpersonal communications servicesArticle 105 Contract duration and terminationArticle 106 Provider switching and number portabilityArticle 107 Bundled offersArticle 108 Availability of servicesArticle 109 Emergency communications and the single European emergency numberArticle 110 Public warning systemArticle 111 Equivalent access and choice for end-users with disabilitiesArticle 112 Directory enquiry servicesArticle 113 Interoperability of car radio and consumer radio receivers and consumer digital television equipmentArticle 114 'Must carry' obligationsArticle 115 Provision of additional facilitiesArticle 116 Adaptation of annexesPart IV Final provisions (arts. 117-127)Article 117 Exercise of the delegationArticle 118 CommitteeArticle 119 Exchange of informationArticle 120 Publication of informationArticle 121 Notification and monitoringArticle 122 Review proceduresArticle 123 Specific review procedure on end-user rightsArticle 124 TranspositionArticle 125 RepealArticle 126 Entry into forceArticle 127 AddresseesAnnex I List of conditions which may be attached to general authorisations, rights of use for radio spectrum and rights of use for numbering resourcesAnnex II Conditions for access to digital television and radio services broadcast to viewers and listeners in the UnionAnnex III Criteria for the determination of wholesale voice termination ratesAnnex IV Criteria for assessing co-investment offersAnnex V Minimum set of services which the adequate broadband internet access service in accordance with Article 84(3) shall be capable of supportingAnnex VI Description of facilities and services referred to in article 88 (control of expenditure), Article 115 (additional facilities) and Article 106 (provider switching and number portability)Annex VII Calculating the net cost, if any, of universal service obligations and establishing any compensation or sharing mechanism in accordance with Articles 89 and 90Annex VIII Information requirements to be provided in accordance with Article 102 (information requirements for contracts)Annex IX Information to be published in accordance with Article 103 (transparency and publication of information)Annex X Quality of service parametersAnnex XI Interoperability of car radio receivers and consumer digital television equipment referred to in Article 113Annex XIIAnnex XIII Correlation tableDone at
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Version status: Entered into force | Document consolidation status: Updated to reflect all known changes
Version date: 20 December 2018 - onwards
Version 2 of 2

Article 12 General authorisation of electronic communications networks and services

1. Member States shall ensure the freedom to provide electronic communications networks and services, subject to the conditions set out in this Directive. To this end, Member States shall not prevent an undertaking from providing electronic communications networks or services, except where this is necessary for the reasons set out in Article 52(1) TFEU. Any such limitation to the freedom to provide electronic communications networks and services shall be duly reasoned and shall be notified to the Commission.

2. The provision of electronic communications networks or services, other than number-independent interpersonal communications services, may, without prejudice to the specific obligations referred to in Article 13(2) or rights of use referred to in Articles 46 and 94, be subject only to a general authorisation.

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