1. By 10 January 2029 the Commission shall, in close cooperation with ESMA, and taking into account the annual reports referred to in Article 12, submit a report to the European Parliament and to the Council on the implementation, functioning and effectiveness of ESAP.
2. The report referred to in paragraph 1 shall address the following:
(a) the technical challenges faced by entities and by the collection bodies during the implementation of ESAP;
(b) the effectiveness of the information collection and transmission system for ESAP purposes;
(c) the operational resilience of ESAP against ICT risks and the reliability of the information made accessible on ESAP, including by means of qualified electronic seals;
(d) the costs incurred by entities and by the collection bodies, including an assessment of whether the collection bodies which are competent authorities have increased their supervisory fees as a result of the costs incurred because of ESAP;
(e) the costs incurred by ESMA as the op
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