1. The verifier shall use analytical procedures to assess the plausibility and completeness of data where the inherent risk, the control risk and the aptness of the regulated entity's control activities show the need for such analytical procedures.

2. In carrying out the analytical procedures referred to in paragraph 1, the verifier shall assess reported data to identify potential risk areas and to subsequently validate and tailor the planned verification activities. The verifier shall at least:

(a) assess the plausibility of fluctuations and trends over time or between comparable items;

(b) identify immediate outliers, unexpected data and data gaps.

3. In applying the analytical procedures referred to in paragraph 1, the verifier shall perform the following procedures:

(a) preliminary analytical procedures on aggregated data before carrying out the activities referred to in Article 43i in order to understand the nature, complexity and relevance of the reported data;

(b) substantive analytical procedures on the aggregated data and the data points underlying these data for the purposes of identifying potential structural errors and immediate outliers;