1. Crypto-asset service providers shall, at all times, have in place prudential safeguards equal to an amount of at least the higher of the following:

(a) the amount of permanent minimum capital requirements indicated in Annex IV, depending on the type of the crypto-asset services provided;

(b) one quarter of the fixed overheads of the preceding year, reviewed annually.

2. Crypto-asset service providers that have not been in business for one year from the date on which they began providing services shall use, for the calculation referred to in paragraph 1, point (b), the projected fixed overheads included in their projections for the first 12 months of service provision, as submitted with their application for authorisation.

3. For the purposes of paragraph 1, point (b), crypto-asset service providers shall calculate their fixed overheads for the preceding year, using figures resulting from the applicable accounting framework, by subtracting the following items from the total expenses after distribution of profits to shareholders or members in their most recently audited annual financial statements or, where audited statements are not available, in annual financial statements validated by national supervisors:

(a) staff bonuses and other remuneration, to the extent that those bonuses and that remuneration depend on a net profit of the crypto-asset service providers in the relevant year;