1. The beneficial owners of express trusts shall be all the following natural persons:
(a) the settlors;
(b) the trustees;
(c) the protectors, if any;
(d) the beneficiaries, unless Article 59 or 60 applies;
(e) any other natural persons exercising ultimate control over the express trust by means of direct or indirect ownership or by other means, including through a chain of control or ownership.
2. The beneficial owners of other legal arrangements similar to express trusts shall be the natural persons holding equivalent or similar positions to those referred to in paragraph 1.
3. Where legal arrangements belong to multi-layered control structures and where any of the positions listed in paragraph 1 is held by a legal entity, the beneficial owners of the legal arrangement shall be:
(a) the natural persons listed in paragraph 1; and
(b) the beneficial owners of the legal entities that occupy any of the positions listed in paragraph 1.
4. Member States shall notify to the Commission by 10
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