1. In the case of legal entities similar to express trusts under Article 57 or, with the exception of discretionary trusts, express trusts and similar legal arrangements under Article 58, where beneficiaries have yet to be determined, the class of beneficiaries and its general characteristics shall be identified. Beneficiaries within the class shall be beneficial owners as soon as they are identified or designated.
2. In the following cases, only the class of beneficiaries and its characteristics shall be identified:
(a) pension schemes within the scope of Directive (EU) 2016/2341;
(b) employee financial ownership or participation schemes, provided that Member States, following an appropriate risk assessment, have concluded a low risk of misuse for money laundering or terrorist financing;
(c) legal entities similar to express trusts under Article 57, express trusts and similar legal arrangements under Article 58, provided that:
(i) the legal entity, the express trust or similar legal a
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