1. Where a Member State chooses to use automated systems for electronic data exchange based on file-format specifications in accordance with point (a) of Article 74(2), those systems shall ensure in a cost efficient way, through the implementation of technological measures in accordance with the current state of technology:

(a) integrity of data, preventing modification of electronic messages during transmission;

(b) confidentiality of data, through the use of security techniques, including encryption techniques, such that the data is only accessible to the party for which it was intended and that no data can be intercepted by unauthorised parties;

(c) authenticity of data, such that the identity of both the sender and receiver of data is known and verified;

(d) non-repudiation of data, such that one party of a transaction cannot deny having received a transaction nor can the other party deny having sent a transaction, by applying methods such as signing techniques, or independent auditing of system safeguards.