1. A redress measure shall require a trader to provide consumers concerned with remedies such as compensation, repair, replacement, price reduction, contract termination or reimbursement of the price paid, as appropriate and as available under Union or national law.

2. Member States shall lay down rules on how and at which stage of a representative action for redress measures the individual consumers concerned by that representative action explicitly or tacitly express their wish within an appropriate time limit after that representative action has been brought, to be represented or not by the qualified entity in that representative action and to be bound or not by the outcome of the representative action.

3. Notwithstanding paragraph 2, Member States shall ensure that individual consumers who are not habitually resident in the Member State of the court or administrative authority before which a representative action has been brought have to explicitly express their wish to be represented in that representative action in order for those consumers to be bound by the outcome of that representative action.