1. Member States shall ensure that the unsuccessful party in a representative action for redress measures is required to pay the costs of the proceedings borne by the successful party, in accordance with conditions and exceptions provided for in national law applicable to court proceedings in general.

2. Individual consumers concerned by a representative action for redress measures shall not pay the costs of the proceedings.

3. By way of derogation from paragraph 2, in exceptional circumstances, an individual consumer concerned by a representative action for redress measures may be ordered to pay the costs of proceedings that were incurred as a result of the individual consumer's intentional or negligent conduct.