(1) Subject to paragraph (2), these Regulations shall apply to procedures for the out-of-court resolution of domestic and cross-border disputes concerning contractual obligations stemming from sales contracts or service contracts between a trader established in the European Union and a consumer resident in the European Union through the intervention of an ADR entity which proposes or imposes a solution or brings the parties together with the aim of facilitating an amicable solution.

(2) These Regulations shall not apply to:

(a) procedures before dispute resolution entities where the natural persons in charge of dispute resolution are employed or remunerated exclusively by the individual trader;

(b) procedures before consumer complaint-handling systems operated by the trader;

(c) non-economic services of general interest;

(d) disputes between traders;

(e) direct negotiation between the consumer and the trader;

(f) attempts made by a judge to settle a dispute in the course of a judicial proceeding concerning that dispute;